Algeria
Algeriais a member of
the African Union, the ArabLeague, OPEC and the United Nations. The country
isalso a foundingmember of the Arab Maghreb Union.
Algeriais the largest
country in Africa, the Arab world, and the Mediterranean. Itssouthern part
includesasignificant part of the Sahara. To the north, the Tell Atlas formwith
the Saharan Atlas, furthersouth, twoparallel sets of reliefs in
approachingeastbound, and betweenwhich are insertedvast plains and highlands.
Both Atlas tend to merge in easternAlgeria. The vastmountain ranges of Aures
and Nememcha, occupy the entirenortheasternAlgeria and are delineated by the
Tunisian border. The highest point is Mount Tahat (3,003 m).
Education
The main entrance of the University of Béjaïa
Main articles: Education in Algeria and List of universities
in Algeria
Education isofficiallycompulsory for childrenbetween the
ages of six and 15. Approximately 5% of the adult population of the country
isilliterate.[83]
In Algeriathere are 46 universities, 10 colleges, and 7
institutes for higherlearning. The University of Algierswasfoundedin 1909, and
itsstudentscontributed to the total 267,142 studentsthatwereenrolled in
Algerian universitiesin 1996.[84] The Algerian school system isstructuredinto
Basic, General Secondary, and TechnicalSecondarylevels:[citation needed]
Basic
Ecole fondamentale (FundamentalSchool)
Length of program: nineyears
Age range: six to 15
Certificate/diplomaawarded: Brevet d'Enseignement Moyen
B.E.M.[citation needed]
General Secondary
Lycée d'Enseignement général (School of General Teaching),
lycées polyvalents (General-PurposeSchool)
Length of program: threeyears
Age range: 15 to 18
Certificate/diplomaawarded: Baccalauréat de l'Enseignement
secondaire
(Bachelor'sDegree of SecondarySchool)[citationneeded]
TechnicalSecondary
Lycées d'Enseignement technique (TechnicalSchool)
Length of program: threeyears
Certificate/diplomaawarded: Baccalauréat technique
(TechnicalBachelor'sDegree)[citation
needed]
Demographics
Population of Algeria
As of a January 2010 estimate, Algeria's population was 34.9
million, with 99 percent classifiedethnically as Arab or Berber.[50] At the
outset of the 20th century, its population wasapproximately four million.[64]
About 90 percent of Algerians live in the northern, coastal area; the
minoritywhoinhabit the Sahara desert are mainlyconcentrated in oases,
althoughsome 1.5 million remainnomadic or partlynomadic. More than 25 percent
of Algerians are under the age of 15.[50]
Most Algerians have Arab, Berber, and to a lesserextent,
southernEuropean and sub-SaharanAfricanancestry. Furthermore, the country has a
diverse population rangingfrom light-skinned, gray-eyedChaoui and blue-eyed
Kabyles in the Atlas Mountains to verydark-skinned populations in the Sahara
(e.g., the Tuaregs). Descendants of Andalusianrefugees are alsopresent in the
population of Algiers and othercities.[65]
Culture
Modern Algerian literature, split betweenArabic, Kabyle and
French, has been stronglyinfluenced by the country'srecenthistory. Famousnovelists
of the 20th centuryinclude Mohammed Dib, Albert Camus, Kateb Yacine and
AhlamMosteghanemiwhileAssiaDjebariswidelytranslated. Among the important
novelists of the 1980s were Rachid Mimouni, latervice-president of Amnesty
International, and Tahar Djaout, murdered by an Islamist group in 1993 for
hissecularistviews.[85]
In philosophy and the humanities, Jacques Derrida, the
father of deconstruction, wasborn in El Biar in Algiers; Malek Bennabi and
Frantz Fanon are noted for theirthoughts on decolonization; Augustine of
Hippowasborn in Tagaste (modern-day Souk Ahras); and Ibn Khaldun, thoughborn in
Tunis, wrote the Muqaddimawhilestaying in Algeria. Algerian culture has been
stronglyinfluenced by Islam, the main religion. The works of the Sanusi family
in pre-colonial times, and of Emir Abdelkader and Sheikh Ben Badis in colonial
times, are widelynoted. The Latin authorApuleiuswasborn in Madaurus
(Mdaourouch), in whatlaterbecameAlgeria.[citation needed]
Fartherinland, the
rainfallislessplentiful. Prevailingwindsthat are easterly and north-easterly in
summer change to westerly and northerly in winter and carry withthem a
generalincrease in precipitationfromSeptemberthroughDecember, a decrease in the
latewinter and springmonths, and a near absence of rainfallduring the
summermonths.[citation needed] Algeriaalso has ergs, or sand dunes
betweenmountains. Amongthese, in the summer time whenwinds are heavy and gusty,
temperaturescanget up to 110 °F (43.3 °C).
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